Features of the Software Testing for Numerical Simulation of the Electronic Optical Systems

Abstract

The paper describes a testing methodology of the new Elisa software designed to simulate the axially symmetric electron guns, it is based on the control volume method on the unstructured meshes and the particle-in-cell method. Methodology consists of two stages. At the first stage, numerical results obtained using the OperaFEA for the planar Pierce electron gun are compared with results of an exact analytical solution to assess the error in the numerical method for solving the trajectory analysis problem implemented in the OperaFEA. At the second stage, numerical results of the trajectory analysis and the current-voltage characteristics obtained for an axially symmetric gun using the EliSa software are compared with the results obtained using the OperaFEA for the same model. This makes it possible to assess the numerical simulation error of an electron beam with the zero phase volume in the EliSa software, since the error determined at the first stage in the OperaFEA is not exceeding 0.5 %. Comparison of the current-voltage characteristics computed using the EliSa software with those computed using the EOS2 software developed in the late 1970s shows that the EliSa software demonstrates an increase in accuracy by more than an order of magnitude

Please cite this article in English as:

Kulikova I.V., Pristupchik N.K. Features of the software testing for numerical simulation of the electronic optical systems. Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Series Instrument Engineering, 2025, no. 3 (152), pp. 121--132 (in Russ.). EDN: MIDNCU

References

[1] Penzyakov V.V. Calculation of electron guns using electronic digital computers. Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. 1. Elektronika SVCh, 1966, no. 1, p. 41 (in Russ.).

[2] Golenitskiy I.I., Zakharova A.N., Kushchevskaya T.P., et al. EOS software for simulation of electron beams from the cathode to the collector based on accurate and simplified mathematical models. Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. 1. Elektronika SVCh, 1974, no. 8,pp. 109--110 (in Russ.).

[3] Bleyvas I.M., Golubtsov B.I., Ilin V.P., et al. [Software for simulation a wide class of static electronics problems on BESM-6 (compiling system KSI-BESM-6)]. Tez. dokl. IV Vsesoyuznogo seminara po metodam resheniya zadach elektronnoy optiki [Abs.IV All-Union Seminar on Methods of Solving Electron Optics Problems]. Novosibirsk, SO AN SSSR Publ., 1971, p. 26 (in Russ.).

[4] Zhuravleva V.D., Morev S.P., Penzyakov V.V., et al. Program for calculating a multi-speed axially symmetric beam in a magnetic field. Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. 1. Elektronika SVCh, 1985, no. 1, p. 70 (in Russ.).

[5] Grigoryev Yu.A., Zhuravleva V.D., Morev S.P., et al. Program for analysis of EOS with a multi-speed electron beam. Elektronnaya tekhnika. Ser. 1. Elektronika SVCh, 1988, no. 1, p. 70 (in Russ.).

[6] Bleyvas I.M., Lukoshkov V.S., Ilin V.P., et al. Analiz razlichnykh mashinnykh programm rascheta elektronno-opticheskikh sistem priborov tipa "O" [Analysis of various machine programs for calculating electron-optical systems of O-type devices]. V kn.: Metody rascheta elektronno-opticheskikh system [In: Methods for calculating electron-optical systems]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1977, pp. 5--8 (in Russ.).

[7] Myshkis A.D. Elementy teorii matematicheskikh modeley [Elements of theory of mathematical models]. Moscow, KomKniga Publ., 2007.

[8] Zeldovich Ya.B., Myshkis A.D. Elementy matematicheskoy fiziki. Sreda iz nevzaimodeystvuyushchikh chastits [Elements of mathematical physics. Environment of non-interacting particles]. Moscow, FIZMATLIT Publ., 2008.

[9] Humphries St. Charged particle beams. New York, Dover Publ., 2013.

[10] Kulikova I.V., Pristupchik N.K. [Software development based on the Lagrangian description of particle motion for unstructured grids]. Sb. dokl. XIII Vseros. nauch.-tekhn. konf. "Elektronika i mikroelektronika SVCh" [Proc. XIII Russ. Sc.-Tech. Conf. "Microwave Electronics and Microelectronics"]. St. Petersburg, SPbGETU LETI Publ., 2024, pp. 108--111 (in Russ.). EDN: IFZMNU

[11] Pierce J.R. Rectilinear electron flow in beams. J. Appl. Phys., 1940, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 548--554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1712815

[12] Alyamovskiy I.V. Elektronnye puchki i elektronnye pushki [Electron beams and electron guns]. Moscow, Sovetskoe radio Publ., 1966.

[13] Child C.D. Discharge from hot CaO. Phys. Rev. (Series I), 1911, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 492--511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSeriesI.32.4

[14] Fay C.E., Samuel A.L., Shockley W. On the theory of space charge between parallel plane electrodes. Bell Sys. Tech. J., 1938, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 49--79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1938.tb00775.x

[15] Langmuir I. The effect of space charge and initial velocities on the potential distribution and thermionic current between parallel plane electrodes. Phys. Rev., 1923, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 419--435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.21.419

[16] Kulikova I.V. Vacuum tube diode CVC computation by numerical solution of the Vlasov --- Poisson equation. Prikladnaya fizika, 2020, no. 2, pp. 27--33 (in Russ.).EDN: MEERGB

[17] Kulikova I.V. [Method for simulation of electron phase fluid in one-dimensional vacuum diode]. Tr. Mezhdunar. konf. "Superkompyuternye dni v Rossii "[Proc. Int. Conf. "Russian Supercomputing Days"]. Moscow, Maks-Press Publ., 2021, pp. 159--160 (in Russ.). EDN: JAXHPU

[18] Geuzaine С., Remacle J.-F. Gmsh: a 3-D finite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 2009, vol. 79, no. 11, pp. 1309--1331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.2579

[19] Voropaeva E.S., Vshivkov K.V., Vshivkova L.V., et al. Algorithms of motion in the particle-in-cell method. Vychislitelnye metody i programmirovanie [Numerical Methods and Programming], 2021, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 281--293 (in Russ.).DOI: https://doi.org/10.26089/NumMet.v22r418

[20] Dudnikova G.I., Romanov D.V., Fedoruk M.P. On algorithms implementing the particles method on unstructured grids. Comput. Math. Math. Phys., 2000, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 147--158.