ɦɨɠɧɨ
&
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
'
ɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ
(
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɞɚɜɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬ
(
ɏɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟ
'
ɦɚɯ
(
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
&
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɩɪɢɟɦɭ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ
&
ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ
&
ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
&
ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
&
ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
(
ɂɧɬɟɪɟ
'
ɫɟɧ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ
&
ɱɬɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɪɚɧɶɲɟ
&
ɱɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɨɫɚ
&
ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟ
'
ɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ
&
ɩɨ
'
ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ
&
ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ
ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ
(
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧ
'
ɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ
&
ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ
&
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ
&
ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ
&
ɧɚ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣ
'
ɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ
(
Ɉɧ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɪɚɫ
'
ɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ Ʉɚɥɦɚɧɚ
"
ɊɎɄ
#(
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɯɚɨɫɚ
&
ɧɚ ɤɨ
'
ɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
&
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧ
'
ɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ
&
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
U2W&
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Ʌɨɪɟɧɰɚ
(
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
'
ɰɢɣ
U0& 2+,W
ɩɨ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɢ ɯɚɨɫɭ
&
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
'
ɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬ
U+-& /& +-& +.W
ɩɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ
(
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɪɚɛɨɬ
U+-& +-& +.W
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
&
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
(
ɋɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ
(
ɉɨɞ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɨɧɢ
'
ɦɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɫ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ
'
ɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ
(
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ
&
ɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ
ɜɟɞɨɦɨɣ
(
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɬɨɝɨ
&
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɟɞɨɦɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
'
ɞɢɥɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɪɟɠɢɦ
&
ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ
(
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ
&
ɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ
(
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚ
'
ɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
X
= (
x
1
x
2
. . . x
n
)
ɬ
&
ɝɞɟ
n
ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
(
Ɍɨɝɞɚ
ˆX
= (ˆ
x
1
ˆ
x
2
. . .
ˆ
x
n
)
ɬ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ
ɜ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
5
ˆX
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ
X
&
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ ɊɎɄ
(
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ
'
ɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧ
'
ɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ
ɜɢɞɚ
CMMH *,-0'-3--(
ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ
(
ɇ
(
ɗ
(
Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ
(
ɋɟɪ
(
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ
( ,**/(
ʋ
+ +*+
